Risk Glossary

ISO standards, regulations, risk terms, and key institutions — explained in plain language

31 terms
🔍

31 terms

ISO Standards

ISO 56001

International standard for Innovation Management Systems, helping organizations systematically manage innovation activities.

TS-IMS
Learn more →
Regulations

Taiwan Trade Secret Act

Taiwan's Trade Secret Act protects economically valuable confidential business and technical information with criminal penalties for violations.

TS-IMS
Learn more →
Risk Terms

Disaster Recovery Plan

A plan for responding to IT system and infrastructure disruptions — a technical subset of BCP focused on system recovery.

BCM
Learn more →
Key Institutions

OECD

International policy forum of 38 democratic market economies whose recommendations shape global AI, risk management, tax, and corporate governance policies.

ERMAI
Learn more →
ISO Standards

ISO/SAE 21434

International standard for road vehicle cybersecurity engineering, specifying cybersecurity practices throughout the vehicle development lifecycle.

AUTO
Learn more →
Key Institutions

NIST

US federal agency publishing widely adopted technical standards including the Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) and AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF).

AIERM
Learn more →
Regulations

EU AI Act

The EU's comprehensive AI regulation — the world's first major AI law, classifying AI systems by risk level with binding obligations.

AI
Learn more →
Regulations

Taiwan AI Basic Act

Taiwan's AI Basic Act passed in 2024, establishing foundational principles for AI development and government policy direction.

AI
Learn more →
Risk Terms

Automotive Safety Integrity Level

The automotive safety risk classification system defined by ISO 26262, ranging from ASIL A (lowest) to ASIL D (highest), determining safety development requirements for vehicle systems.

AUTO
Learn more →
Risk Terms

Enterprise Risk Management

An integrated approach to managing all risks that could affect an organization's objectives, embedding risk management into organizational culture and decision-making.

ERM
Learn more →
ISO Standards

ISO 42001

International standard for AI management systems, helping organizations establish responsible AI governance frameworks.

AI
Learn more →
ISO Standards

TISAX

Trusted Information Security Assessment Exchange — the mandatory cybersecurity assessment for European automotive supply chains.

AUTO
Learn more →
ISO Standards

ISO 22301

International standard for Business Continuity Management Systems, helping organizations maintain operations during disruptive incidents.

BCM
Learn more →
Regulations

Taiwan Personal Data Protection Act

Taiwan's Personal Data Protection Act regulating the collection, processing, and use of personal data, with fines up to NT$15 million.

PIMS
Learn more →
Regulations

EU Cyber Resilience Act

EU mandatory cybersecurity regulation for all connected products. From September 2027, all connected products sold in the EU must comply with CRA requirements and bear CE marking.

PIMSAUTO
Learn more →
Regulations

GDPR

EU General Data Protection Regulation — the world's strictest privacy law, with fines up to €20 million or 4% of global annual revenue.

PIMS
Learn more →
ISO Standards

ISO 26262

International standard for road vehicle functional safety, specifying safety development processes for automotive electrical/electronic systems including ASIL classification.

AUTO
Learn more →
Risk Terms

Data Protection Impact Assessment

A pre-implementation assessment required for high-risk personal data processing activities — mandatory under GDPR in certain circumstances.

PIMS
Learn more →
Key Institutions

Financial Stability Board

G20-mandated body monitoring global financial system systemic risks and making recommendations, with significant influence on national financial regulatory policies.

ERM
Learn more →
ISO Standards

ISO 27701

International standard for Privacy Information Management Systems, extending ISO 27001 to help organizations comply with GDPR and other privacy regulations.

PIMS
Learn more →
Risk Terms

Supply Chain Resilience

The ability of a supply chain to maintain core functions and rapidly recover from disruptive events.

BCMERM
Learn more →
Regulations

UN Regulation No. 155

UN Regulation No. 155 on vehicle cybersecurity, requiring OEMs to establish a Cybersecurity Management System (CSMS), mandatory in EU, Japan, and Korea.

AUTO
Learn more →
Key Institutions

Personal Data Protection Commission

Taiwan's dedicated personal data protection regulator (established 2023), responsible for enforcing the PDPA and expected to increase compliance enforcement intensity.

PIMS
Learn more →
Key Institutions

Bank for International Settlements

The bank for central banks, publishing Basel Accords and other global financial regulatory standards with definitive influence on banking risk management worldwide.

ERM
Learn more →
Risk Terms

Business Impact Analysis

A methodology for identifying and quantifying the impact of business disruptions on an organization — the foundational tool for BCM and BCP.

BCM
Learn more →
ISO Standards

ISO 31000

International standard providing principles and guidelines for risk management applicable to any organization.

ERM
Learn more →
Key Institutions

Financial Supervisory Commission

Taiwan's top financial regulator overseeing banking, securities, insurance, and futures markets, with policy direction heavily influenced by BIS/FSB.

ERM
Learn more →
Risk Terms

COSO ERM

The COSO Committee's integrated framework for enterprise risk management, emphasizing integration with business strategy and performance, widely used in public company governance.

ERM
Learn more →
Risk Terms

Geopolitical Risk

Uncertainty and potential losses to business operations caused by geopolitical factors including international political relations, conflicts, sanctions, and trade barriers.

ERMBCM
Learn more →
Key Institutions

ENISA

EU cybersecurity agency responsible for technical standards for the EU AI Act and NIS2 Directive, with significant impact on Taiwan companies entering European markets.

AI
Learn more →
ISO Standards

IEC 62443 Industrial Cybersecurity Standard

International cybersecurity standard for Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS), covering manufacturing, energy, water treatment, and other critical infrastructure. Primary harmonized standard for EU CRA.

AUTOPIMS
Learn more →