ISO/SAE 21434 車輛資安工程

車廠的 CSMS 義務會沿著合約往下傳——供應商的回應語言,就是 ISO/SAE 21434。

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ISO/SAE 21434:2021 由 ISO 與 SAE 於 2021 年 8 月聯合發布,定義道路車輛電子電氣(E/E)系統在概念、開發、生產、營運、維護到除役的全生命週期網路安全工程要求。它與法規的關係是本標準商業重要性的核心:UN R155 要求車廠建立車輛網路安全管理系統(CSMS)並對供應鏈課責,歐盟自 2022 年 7 月起適用於新車型、2024 年 7 月起適用於所有新生產車輛——不符合即無法取得型式認證,等同禁售。21434 雖非法律本身,卻是業界公認對應 R155 的工程標準:車廠以它審查供應商的資安開發能力(TARA 威脅分析與風險評估、資安概念、開發與驗證、事件回應),一二階供應商沒有對應制度,就進不了開發案。

與 UN R155/TISAX 的分工

UN R155 是法規(管車廠的 CSMS 與型式認證)、TISAX 是資訊安全評鑑(管你公司的資訊保護能力)、ISO/SAE 21434 是工程流程標準(管產品怎麼被安全地開發出來)。三者經常被混為一談,實務上是三條並行的供應商要求:TISAX 過了不代表 21434 能力具備,反之亦然。

導入核心:TARA 與資安開發流程

21434 的技術心臟是 TARA(Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment):資產識別、威脅情境、攻擊可行性與衝擊評估、風險處置決策,並由此導出資安目標與需求,貫穿 V 模型開發與驗證。對已有 ASPICE 或 ISO 26262 流程的組織,21434 可掛載於既有開發框架,增量導入成本可控。

與功能安全(ISO 26262)的互補

26262 處理「故障導致的危害」,21434 處理「攻擊導致的危害」——駭客注入煞車訊號與硬體故障造成的後果同樣致命,但成因與對策完全不同。兩標準共用 V 模型且明確互相引用,整合導入(資安分析結果回饋安全危害分析)是現行最佳實務。

Who This Is For

  • 被車廠要求展示資安開發能力的一二階供應商
  • 車用電子控制器(ECU)、感測器與域控制器開發商
  • 車用軟體與 OTA 相關方案商
  • 正切入車用市場、需要建立資安工程流程的科技業者

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FAQ

QISO/SAE 21434 是強制的嗎?

標準本身非法定強制,但 UN R155 自 2024 年 7 月起適用於歐盟所有新生產車輛,車廠的 CSMS 義務透過合約沿供應鏈傳遞——對要進入車用供應鏈的廠商,21434 是事實上的入場要求。

Q已有 TISAX,還需要 21434 嗎?

需要。TISAX 評的是公司資訊安全保護能力(資料、原型、場域),21434 規範的是產品資安工程流程(TARA、資安需求、開發驗證、事件回應)。車廠盡調通常兩者都查。

Q21434 需要驗證取證嗎?

標準本身無官方認證制度,市場實務是由驗證機構提供流程符合性評估或人員資格認證,更關鍵的是通過車廠的開發案稽核。輔導目標是讓制度經得起車廠audit,而非只拿一紙證書。

Q和 ISO 26262 可以一起導入嗎?

建議一起。兩者共用 V 模型與管理架構,TARA 與 HARA 方法論同構,整合導入可共用文件骨架並處理資安×功安的交互影響,總成本低於分開導入。